The charging system provides energy supply for the operation of electric vehicles. It is not only an important basic support system of electric vehicles, but also an important link in the process of commercialization and industrialization of electric vehicles. With the rapid development of electric vehicle industry, charging technology has become one of the key factors restricting the development of the industry. Intelligent and fast charging mode has become the development trend of electric vehicle charging technology.

There are different methods for the classification of electric vehicle charging devices. Generally speaking, it can be divided into on-board charging device and off board charging device. According to the different ways of energy installation and replacement when charging the battery of electric vehicle, the charging device can be divided into contact type and induction type. According to different charging methods, electric vehicles can be divided into slow charging, fast charging, power change, wireless charging, mobile charging and so on.

Also known as conventional charging, on-board charging refers to charging with portable charging equipment equipped with the vehicle, which can use household power supply or special charging pile power supply. This is the way we use passenger cars now: car charger and household wall mounted charging pile. The charging current is small, generally about 16-32a. The current can be DC or two-phase AC and three-phase AC. therefore, the charging time is 5-8 hours depending on the capacity of the battery pack.

The disadvantages of conventional charging mode are very obvious, and the charging time is long, but its requirements for charging are not high, and the charger and installation cost are low; It can make full use of the low power period to charge and reduce the charging cost; The more important advantage is that it can deeply charge the battery, improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery. Due to the long charging time, it can greatly meet the vehicles that operate during the day and rest at night.

Fast charging

That is, fast charging, also known as ground charging. As the name suggests, it is a charging method that can be fully charged quickly. The battery is directly charged with high current through the off-board charger, so that the battery can be charged to about 80% in a short time. Therefore, it is also called emergency charging. The representative of fast charging mode is Tesla super charging station. The current and voltage of fast charging mode are generally 150 ~ 400A and 200 ~ 750V, and the charging power is greater than 50KW. This mode is mostly DC power supply mode, with large power of ground charger and wide variation range of output current and voltage.

The charging speed of fast charging is very high, and its charging time is close to the time of injecting fuel into the internal combustion engine. However, the charging method is pulse fast charging. The biggest advantage of pulse fast charging is that the charging time is greatly shortened; And it can increase the appropriate battery capacity and improve the starting performance. However, the pulse charging current is large, and the installation requirements and cost of charging equipment are very high. Moreover, the current and voltage of fast charging is high, which has a great impact on the battery in a short time, which is easy to make the active material of the battery fall off and the battery heat up. Therefore, there are higher requirements for battery protection and heat dissipation, and not every model can be charged quickly. No matter how perfect the battery is, long-term rapid charging will eventually affect the service life of the battery.

Fast charging mode is essentially an emergency charging mode, which aims to charge electric vehicles in a short time. Generally speaking, it is not recommended to often use the fast charging mode for charging. Moreover, the fast charging mode is only supported by some models.

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