2On October 27, 023, the MyanmarNational Democratic Alliance Army (hereinafter referred to as the Alliance),under the pretext of eliminating telecommunications fraud, sent troops tocapture the Qingshui River in northern Myanmar. Subsequently, the AlliedForces, the Rakhine Army, and the D 'Ang Army formed a tripartite alliance andjointly captured Mubang and Gunung, so that the Myanmar civil war broke outagain.

I.Basic information

In fact, from the perspective ofmodern history, the civil war in Myanmar actually began in 1960. Burma declaredindependence from British colonial rule in 1948. But since the founding of thecountry, armed conflict in Myanmar has not stopped. In 1960, U Nae Win seizedpower in Myanmar through a military coup and established a military government,which further intensified the civil war in Myanmar. In 1988, political turmoilbroke out in Myanmar and the government of Ne Win stepped down after 26 yearsin power. After crushing the pro-democracy movement in Myanmar, the militaryseized power and established the State Law and Order Restoration Council, whichwas later renamed the State Peace and Development Council. In 1989, after thecollapse of the largest rebel group, the CPPA, the four armed forces formedhave reached an armistice agreement with the Myanmar military government andestablished an autonomous government, which has become Myanmar's Shan StateFirst Special Zone (Kokang), Shan State Second Special Zone (Wa State), KachinFirst Special Zone (Kachin New Democratic Independence Army) and eastern ShanState fourth Special Zone. By the end of the last century, a total of 17 armedgroups had signed peace agreements with the Burmese military government, 12 ofwhich were classified as special administrative zones.

Although the armistice agreement andthe special zone model have brought relative peace to Myanmar for 20 years,they have formed the local division of a "state within a state" andhave not really solved the ethnic contradictions in Myanmar. In the meantime,the Myanmar military government continues to implement the ethnicdiscrimination policy of Burma nationalism, and the local armed forces ofvarious ethnic minorities also "support the army and respectthemselves", resulting in the domestic political order of Myanmar isimpassable, trade is difficult, and drugs are rampant, and the "specialzone" has become the biggest obstacle to Myanmar's economic developmentand political stability. Setting the stage for a civil war in Burma.

Ii.Causes of Civil War

(1) Domestic factors

After the independence of Myanmar in1948, the newly elected U Nu government enforced "Great Burmannationalism" throughout the country, requiring the whole country to speakthe Burman language and learn Burman culture, and forcibly assimilating ethnicminorities, which aroused strong dissatisfaction from the latter. After themilitary overthrew the U Nu government in 1962, it directly abolished theprovisions on the independence of ethnic minority inhabited areas in thefounding Constitution, and completely blocked the possibility of independenceof ethnic minority areas from law. In order to defend their own interests, anumber of ethnic armed groups, led by the Kachin Independence Army, started awar with government forces.

(2) International factors

Since the 1950s, China has had goodrelations with the Myanmar government, and the United States, in order tocontain China's development, pushed the pro-Western Aung SAN Suu Kyi to powerbehind the scenes to control Myanmar. But the Burmese government apparently didnot give the United States that opportunity. Myanmar's constitution prohibitsforeigners from running for president, blocking Aung SAN's bid. The Americans'plan to use "soft power" to control Myanmar fell through. Instead,the United States chose to subjugate Burma with "hard power" throughcivil war. There are more than 30 ethnic armed groups in Myanmar. The KachinIndependence Army, which has deep ties to the United States and is supported bythe United States, has fought the Burmese government most fiercely. The UnitedStates has been trying to get the KIA to support Aung SAN Suu Kyi politicallyin order to give her military power.

To sum up, the civil war in Myanmarwas actually caused by the internal causes of different demands of nationalinterests and the interference of other countries in the world. As amulti-ethnic country with 135 ethnic groups, Myanmar has basically achievedthat one ethnic group is an armed force, and with the international externalforces constantly "fire", its civil war is not surprising.